Webcam Wikipedia.Typical low cost webcam used with many personal computers.A webcam installed near Sumburgh Head lighthouse, Shetland.The cliffs are home to large numbers of seabirds and the area is an RSPB nature reserve.A webcam is a video camera that feeds or streams its image in real time to or through a computer to a computer network.When captured by the computer, the video stream may be saved, viewed or sent on to other networks via systems such as the internet, and emailed as an attachment.When sent to a remote location, the video stream may be saved, viewed or on sent there.Unlike an IP camera which connects using Ethernet or Wi Fi, a webcam is generally connected by a USB cable, or similar cable, or built into computer hardware, such as laptops.The term webcam a clipped compound may also be used in its original sense of a video camera connected to the Web continuously for an indefinite time, rather than for a particular session, generally supplying a view for anyone who visits its web page over the Internet.Some of them, for example, those used as online traffic cameras, are expensive, rugged professional video cameras.CharacteristicseditWebcams are known for their low manufacturing cost and their high flexibility,1 making them the lowest cost form of videotelephony.Despite the low cost, the resolution offered at present 2.They have also become a source of security and privacy issues, as some built in webcams can be remotely activated by spyware.The most popular use of webcams is the establishment of video links, permitting computers to act as videophones or videoconference stations.Other popular uses include security surveillance, computer vision, video broadcasting, and for recording social videos.The video streams provided by webcams can be used for a number of purposes, each using appropriate software Health careeditMost modern webcams are capable of capturing arterial pulse rate by the use of a simple algorithmic trick.Researchers claim that this method is accurate to 5 bpm.Video monitoringeditWebcams may be installed at places such as childcare centres, offices, shops and private areas to monitor security and general activity.CommerceeditWebcams have been used for augmented reality experiences online.One such function has the webcam act as a magic mirror to allow an online shopper to view a virtual item on themselves.The Webcam Social Shopper is one example of software that utilizes the webcam in this manner.Videocalling and videoconferencingeditWebcam can be added to instant messaging, text chat services such as AOL Instant Messenger, and Vo.IP services such as Skype, one to one live video communication over the Internet has now reached millions of mainstream PC users worldwide.Improved video quality has helped webcams encroach on traditional video conferencing systems.New features such as automatic lighting controls, real time enhancements retouching, wrinkle smoothing and vertical stretch, automatic face tracking and autofocus, assist users by providing substantial ease of use, further increasing the popularity of webcams.Webcam features and performance can vary by program, computer operating system, and also by the computers processor capabilities.Video calling support has also been added to several popular instant messaging programs.Video securityeditWebcams can be used as security cameras.Software is available to allow PC connected cameras to watch for movement and sound,6 recording both when they are detected.These recordings can then be saved to the computer, e mailed, or uploaded to the Internet.In one well publicised case,7 a computer e mailed images of the burglar during the theft of the computer, enabling the owner to give police a clear picture of the burglars face even after the computer had been stolen.Unauthorized access of webcams can present significant privacy issues see Privacy section below.In December 2.Russia announced that 2.One Born Every Minute Update Conan Doyle .Webcams would be installed in 9.Russian presidential election, 2.Get the latest news and analysis in the stock market today, including national and world stock market news, business news, financial news and more.Review and pay your bill, signup to pay your bill automatically, check your email, and see the latest upgrade offers and deals.Signin to My Verizon todayVideo clips and stillseditWebcams can be used to take video clips and still pictures.Various software tools in wide use can be employed for this, such as Pic.Master for use with Windows operating systems, Photo Booth Mac, or Cheese with Unix systems.For a more complete list see Comparison of webcam software.Input control deviceseditSpecial software can use the video stream from a webcam to assist or enhance a users control of applications and games.Video features, including faces, shapes, models and colors can be observed and tracked to produce a corresponding form of control.For example, the position of a single light source can be tracked and used to emulate a mouse pointer, a head mounted light would enable hands free computing and would greatly improve computer accessibility.This can be applied to games, providing additional control, improved interactivity and immersiveness.Cam Pay Per Software View Webpage' title='Cam Pay Per Software View Webpage' />The Gator XUV625i Utility Vehicle from John Deere.The base model, but hardly basic capabilities.TheINQUIRER publishes daily news, reviews on the latest gadgets and devices, and INQdepth articles for tech buffs and hobbyists.Q4gs-BYI/VgJxOnZ_i7I/AAAAAAAACM0/9jEKCZqG0ek/s1600/Screenshot_27.jpg' alt='Cam Pay Per Software View Webpage' title='Cam Pay Per Software View Webpage' />Free.Track is a free webcam motion tracking application for Microsoft Windows that can track a special head mounted model in up to six degrees of freedom and output data to mouse, keyboard, joystick and Free.Track supported games.By removing the IR filter of the webcam, IR LEDs can be used, which has the advantage of being invisible to the naked eye, removing a distraction from the user.Track.IR is a commercial version of this technology.The Eye. Bet On Soldier 2005 Pc Case . Toy for the Play.Station 2, Play.Station Eye for the Play.Station 3, and the Xbox Live Vision camera and Kinect motion sensor for the Xbox 3.Small webcam based PC games are available as either standalone executables or inside web browser windows using Adobe Flash.Astro photographyeditWith very low light capability, a few specific models of webcams are very popular to photograph the night sky by astronomers and astro photographers.Mostly, these are manual focus cameras and contain an old CCD array instead of comparatively newer CMOS array.The lenses of the cameras are removed and then these are attached to telescopes to record images, video, still, or both.In newer techniques, videos of very faint objects are taken for a couple of seconds and then all the frames of the video are stacked together to obtain a still image of respectable contrast.Laser beam profilingeditA webcams CCD response is linear proportional to the incoming light.Therefore, webcams are suitable to record laser beam profiles, after the lens is removed.The resolution of a laser beam profiler depends on the pixel size.Commercial webcams are usually designed to record color images.The size of a webcams color pixel depends on the model and may lie in the range of 5 to 1.However, a color pixel consists of four black and white pixels each equipped with a color filter for details see Bayer filter.Although these color filters work well in the visible, they may be rather transparent in the near infra red.By switching a webcam into the Bayer mode it is possible to access the information of the single pixels and a resolution below 3m was possible.HistoryeditEarly developmenteditFirst developed in 1.Trojan Room coffee pot in the Cambridge University Computer Science Department initially operating over a local network instead of the web.The camera was finally switched off on August 2.The final image captured by the camera can still be viewed at its homepage.In 2.Fog.Cam at San Francisco State University, which had been running continuously since 1.Connectix Quick.CameditThe first commercial webcam, the black and white Quick.Cam, entered the marketplace in 1.U.S. computer company Connectix which sold its product line to Logitech in 1.Quick.Cam was available in August 1.Apple Macintosh, connecting via a serial port, at a cost of 1.Jon Garber, the designer of the device, had wanted to call it the Mac camera, but was overruled by Connectixs marketing department a version with a PC compatible serial port and software for Microsoft Windows was launched in October 1.The original Quick.Cam provided 3.These cam were tested on several Delta II launch using a variety of communication protocols including CDMA, TDMA, GSM and HF.In 2.
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